Theanine commonly known as L-theanine and sometimes L-gamma-glutamylethylamide or N5-ethyl-L-glutamine, is an amino acid analogue of the proteinogenic amino acids L-glutamate and L-glutamine and is found primarily in particular plant and fungal species.
Theanine is an amino acid analog primarily found in tea leaves, particularly in green tea (Camellia sinensis). Chemically, it's known as γ-glutamylethylamide or 5-N-ethyl-glutamine, and it's structurally similar to glutamate, which is a neurotransmitter in the brain. However, theanine exerts its own unique effects on the body and mind.
One of its most notable characteristics is its ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress without inducing drowsiness. This is thought to be due to its ability to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine, and serotonin, which are associated with feelings of calmness and well-being. Additionally, theanine has been shown to potentially improve cognition and attention, making it a popular ingredient in supplements aimed at enhancing mental performance.
Theanine is generally well-tolerated and doesn't have significant side effects when consumed in moderate amounts. It's often included in various products, such as dietary supplements and beverages, for its relaxing and mood-enhancing properties. However, it's worth noting that individual responses to theanine may vary, and excessive consumption could potentially lead to adverse effects. As always, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before adding any new supplement to your routine, especially if you have existing health conditions or are taking medications.