Functional Category
Emulsifying agent; food additive; lubricant; surfactant.
Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Lauric acid is widely used in cosmetics and food products. In pharmaceutical applications it has also been examined for use as an enhancer for topical penetration and transdermal absorption,(1–11) rectal absorption,(12,13) buccal delivery,(14) and intestinal absorption.(15,16) It is also useful for stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions.(17) Lauric acid has also been evaluated for use in aerosol formulations.(18)
Description
Lauric acid occurs as a white crystalline powder with a slight odor of bay oil.
Stability and Storage Conditions
Lauric acid is stable at normal temperatures and should be stored in a cool, dry place. Avoid sources of ignition and contact with incompatible materials.
Incompatibilities
Lauric acid is incompatible with strong bases, reducing agents, and oxidizing agents.
Safety
Lauric acid is widely used in cosmetic preparations, in the manufacture of food-grade additives, and in pharmaceutical formulations. General exposure to lauric acid occurs through the consumption of food and through dermal contact with cosmetics, soaps, and detergent products. Lauric acid is toxic when administered intravenously. Occupational exposure may cause local irritation of eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract,(19) although lauric acid is considered safe and nonirritating for use in cosmetics.(20) No toxicological effects were observed when lauric acid was administered to rats at 35% of the diet for 2 years.(21) Acute exposure tests in rabbits indicate mild irritation.(20) After subcutaneous injection into mice, lauric acid was shown to be noncarcinogenic.(22) LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.13 g/kg(23,24) LD50 (rat, oral): 12 g/kg