Abrin is an extremely toxic toxalbumin found in the seeds of the rosary pea (or jequirity pea), Abrus precatorius.
Abrin is a toxic protein found in the seeds of the Abrus precatorius plant, also known as jequirity or rosary pea. It is one of the most potent plant toxins known to humans. The seeds of the Abrus precatorius plant contain two protein toxins: abrin and ricin. Abrin is similar in structure and function to ricin, but it is even more toxic.
Chemically, abrin is a glycoprotein composed of two polypeptide chains, designated as A chain and B chain, linked by a disulfide bond. The A chain is responsible for the toxic effects of abrin, as it inhibits protein synthesis within cells by inactivating ribosomes. The B chain facilitates the entry of abrin into cells by binding to specific receptors on the cell surface, thereby allowing the A chain to exert its toxic effects.
Even small amounts of abrin can be lethal if ingested, inhaled, or injected. The symptoms of abrin poisoning depend on the route of exposure but typically include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, organ failure, and ultimately death. Currently, there is no antidote for abrin poisoning, and treatment primarily involves supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.