Curcuminoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds found in the rhizomes of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), which is native to South Asia. The most well-known and studied curcuminoid is curcumin, which is responsible for the vibrant yellow color of turmeric and possesses various biological activities.
Chemically, curcuminoids are diferuloylmethane derivatives, with curcumin being the primary curcuminoid present in turmeric. Curcuminoids have a characteristic structure consisting of two aromatic ring systems connected by a seven-carbon linker, also known as a β-diketone moiety.
Curcuminoids, especially curcumin, have garnered significant attention due to their potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. Research suggests that curcuminoids may help combat oxidative stress, inflammation, and various diseases, although further studies are needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential.