Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the inner lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. UC is related to Crohn’s Disease, another type of IBD, but it is distinct in that it affects only the colon and rectum, whereas Crohn’s Disease can affect any area of the digestive tract. The cause of UC is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Symptoms of UC may include abdominal pain and cramping, bloody diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and fever. In some cases, patients may also experience rectal bleeding, anemia, and joint pain. Complications of UC can include an increased risk of colon cancer, toxic megacolon, and perforation of the colon. Treatment of UC may include lifestyle changes, medications, and, in some cases, surgery. Lifestyle changes may include following a healthy diet and getting regular exercise. Medications used to treat UC may include aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologic agents. Surgery may be recommended to remove the colon and rectum in cases where medications are not effective.