Scrotum

The scrotum is a pouch-like structure located between the legs of male mammals that houses the testes. It is an important organ in the reproductive system, as it helps regulate the temperature of the testes, which are necessary for normal sperm production. The scrotum is made up of two distinct parts, a sac-like structure called the tunica vaginalis and the skin that covers it. The scrotum is sensitive to external temperature, and when it gets too cold, the muscles in the scrotum contract and draw the testes closer to the body to keep them warm. Conversely, when it gets too warm, the muscles relax and the testes move away from the body to cool them off. Medical conditions that can affect the scrotum include hernias, hydroceles, varicoceles, testicular torsion, and testicular cancer. Hernias occur when a portion of the intestines push through the wall of the abdomen, and hydroceles are fluid-filled sacs that form around the testes. Varicoceles are enlarged veins in the scrotum, and testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord, which connects the testes to the body, is twisted. Testicular cancer is a rare form of cancer that affects the testes. Treatment for these conditions may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.