Postoperative Nausea

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is a common complication that can occur after surgery. It is characterized by feelings of nausea and/or vomiting, which can be mild to severe in intensity. PONV is caused by a combination of factors, including the type of surgery, the medications used during and after the procedure, and the patient's individual susceptibility to nausea and vomiting. The primary cause of PONV is the release of certain hormones, such as epinephrine and histamine, during the surgical procedure. These hormones can trigger the vomiting center in the brain, leading to nausea and vomiting. Other factors that can contribute to PONV include dehydration, pain, anesthesia, and the use of certain medications. Treatment for PONV includes medications to reduce nausea and vomiting, such as antiemetics and antacid medications. In addition, intravenous fluids may be used to rehydrate the patient and reduce nausea. In some cases, a combination of these treatments may be necessary to adequately manage the symptoms of PONV. Additionally, behavioral interventions, such as breathing and relaxation techniques, can be used to reduce nausea and vomiting. It is important to note that PONV can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition, such as infection or internal bleeding. If PONV persists or worsens, medical attention should be sought immediately.