Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by a virus that can lead to paralysis, respiratory problems, and even death. The virus enters the body through the mouth, multiplies in the throat and intestines, and then spreads throughout the body. It can affect people of all ages, but is most common in children under five years of age. The main symptom of poliomyelitis is a fever, along with aching muscles and joints, tiredness, headache, and sore throat. In some cases, the virus can cause paralysis of the limbs, muscles of the face and neck, and even the breathing muscles. If the paralysis is severe, breathing may become difficult, leading to respiratory failure. Poliomyelitis is diagnosed through laboratory tests, such as a stool culture or a throat swab. Treatment includes rest, fluids, and medications to reduce fever and relieve pain. Vaccines are available that provide protection against the virus, and are recommended for all children. Vaccination is especially important in areas where the disease is still common.