Leprosy

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and upper respiratory tract. It is characterized by skin lesions, loss of sensation, and muscle weakness. It is also known as Hansen's disease. The infection is spread through contact with the skin and nasal secretions of an infected person. It is treatable with antibiotics and early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of disability. However, if left untreated, it can lead to severe disfigurement, disability, and even death. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are around 200,000 new cases of leprosy each year, mostly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. People with weakened immune systems, such as those living with HIV/AIDS, are at an increased risk of developing leprosy. Treatment for leprosy includes a combination of antibiotics and other drugs, such as dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampicin, which are taken orally. The length of treatment depends on the type of leprosy and the severity of the infection. Patients should also receive regular physical, occupational, and psychological rehabilitation to help them live with any disabilities caused by the condition.