Hyperprolactinemia

Hyperprolactinemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of the hormone prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates milk production in pregnant and breastfeeding women. However, it can also be produced in excess in both men and women, leading to a variety of medical issues. Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by a number of things, including certain medications, kidney and lung diseases, hypothyroidism, and tumors of the pituitary gland. Symptoms of the condition vary but can include infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, decreased libido, headaches, breast enlargement (in both men and women), and galactorrhea (unexpected milk production). Treatment for hyperprolactinemia depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, medications such as dopamine agonists can be used to reduce the amount of prolactin being produced. In other cases, surgical removal of a pituitary tumor may be necessary. In some cases, no treatment is necessary if the condition is mild and not causing any symptoms.