Hematemesis

Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood or material that looks like blood. It is a symptom of a wide range of underlying conditions, including ulcers, tumors, and long-term use of aspirin or other blood thinners. Hematemesis usually originates from the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach or esophagus. It is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention. Hematemesis is caused by bleeding from the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. This can be due to a variety of conditions, including ulcers, tumors, excessive alcohol use, and long-term use of aspirin or other blood thinners. Other causes include gastritis, trauma, bleeding disorders, and severe infections. The amount of blood vomited can vary from a few drops to large amounts. Hematemesis can also cause other associated symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and black, tarry stools (melena). The diagnosis of hematemesis is typically made based on the patient's medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Endoscopy is the most common procedure to diagnose the cause of hematemesis, as it allows the doctor to directly visualize the gastrointestinal tract. Other tests, such as abdominal imaging and blood tests, may also be performed. Treatment of hematemesis depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, dietary changes, and surgery.