Graves’ Disease

Graves' Disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the overproduction of thyroid hormones, resulting in an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States and affects more women than men by a ratio of about 8:1. The disorder is caused when the body’s immune system mistakenly produces an antibody called Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI) which attaches to thyroid cells and stimulates them to produce too much thyroid hormone. This causes the body to be in a constant state of heightened metabolism, leading to symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, irritability, and fatigue. Other symptoms may include bulging eyes, goiter, heat intolerance, and irregular or absent menstrual periods. Long-term complications may include heart problems, eye problems, osteoporosis, and thyroid cancer. Treatment typically involves antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, and/or surgery to remove the thyroid gland. In some cases, hormone replacement therapy may be necessary.