Extravasation

Extravasation is a medical complication in which a fluid, such as a medication, enters the surrounding tissues instead of the intended vessel or space. This often happens during medical procedures such as IV infusions, where the IV catheter is improperly placed or is left in place too long. It can also occur as a result of an accidental puncture or tear of a vein or artery. When extravasation occurs, the fluid can cause tissue damage, swelling, and pain. It can also lead to infection and necrosis. In some cases, extravasation can be very serious and even fatal. Medical extravasation can be prevented by proper placement of the IV catheter, using the correct size and type of catheter, and by routinely monitoring the IV site for signs of extravasation. Treatment of extravasation includes the immediate removal of the catheter and the application of cold compresses to the area. In addition, medications may be used to reduce swelling and pain. If infection is present, antibiotics may be prescribed.