Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a medical condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, most commonly in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the outer surface of the uterus. It can result in severe pain, infertility, and other complications. It is a chronic, recurrent, and often progressive disorder, and is estimated to affect 10-15% of women of reproductive age. The cause of endometriosis is not known, but it is believed to be related to the retrograde flow of menstrual blood, which carries endometrial cells from the uterus to other areas in the body. Endometrial cells may also spread through the lymphatic system and blood vessels. Symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain, especially during menstruation, pain during or after sexual intercourse, pain during bowel movements or urination, heavy and/or irregular menstrual bleeding, and infertility. Diagnosis is typically made through a physical exam, ultrasound, or laparoscopy. Treatment for endometriosis varies depending on the severity of the condition and includes medications, lifestyle changes, and surgery. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, improve fertility, and prevent the progression of the disease.