Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is a medical condition characterized by severe menstrual cramps and pain. It is a common menstrual disorder that affects many women of reproductive age. Symptoms of dysmenorrhea can include lower abdominal cramping, pain in the lower back, and pain in the thighs. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, headache, and dizziness. Dysmenorrhea can be divided into two categories: primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by the normal release of prostaglandin, a hormone-like substance, during the menstrual period. Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by an underlying medical condition such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, or an intrauterine device (IUD). Treatment for dysmenorrhea may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), oral contraceptives, and other medications that reduce the production of prostaglandin.