Chilblain

Chilblain is a condition that causes inflammation and itching in the skin of the fingers, toes, nose and ears when exposed to cold temperatures. The affected areas become red, swollen and tender, and may blister and ulcerate. In severe cases, chilblains can lead to a loss of sensation and an increased risk of infection. Chilblains are caused by a spasm of the small arteries that supply blood to the skin in response to cold temperatures. The spasm causes constriction of the vessels, leading to a decrease in blood flow and a build-up of fluid in the affected area. Chilblains are more common in people with poor circulation, especially in the extremities, such as those with Raynaud's phenomenon. Treatment involves keeping the affected area warm, avoiding cold temperatures and wearing gloves and socks to protect the skin. In more severe cases, medications, such as steroids, can be prescribed to reduce inflammation.