Shorea robusta Saal | Dava Bazaar in India

Plant Profile

Botany

Binomial nomenclature

Shorea robusta

Scientific Name and Description

Shorea robusta Roth
Shorea robusta GAERTN. F.

Herb Family

Dipterocarpaceae

Plant type

Tree

Plant Synonyms

Vatica robusta

Plant Names - Common - Regional - Vernacular

English	sal
Hindi	damar, dhonah, dhuna, kandar, ral, sakher, sakhu, sakhua, sakhuya, sakoh, sal, sala, salwa, shal
Kannada	aseena, aseena mara, ashina, ashvakarna, asina, asu, asvakarna, bile-bhogimara, bile-bovu, bilibodige, daamaru banke, daambara mara, guggala, guggula, jal, jalada, kaabbu, kabba, kabbu, sala, sarja, thalli, vamsa
Malayalam	karimaruthu, kungiliyam, kunkiliyam, maramaram, mulappumarutu, salavrksam
Marathi	guggilu, raala, raala dhoopa, rala, sajara, sal, saraja
Sanskrit	agnivallabha, ashvakarna, ashvakarnika, asoka, asvakarna, asvakarnah, chiraparna, devadhupah, dhanya, dhupavrksa, dirghaparna, dirghashakha, divyana, guggilam, jaladashara, jaranadruma, kala, kalalajodhbhava, karshya, kashayi, kaushika, kaushikahva, koushi-kaha, koushikaha, kushika, lalana, latashankha, latataru, rala, ralakarya, sal, sala, salah, salaniryas, salasara, salaveshta, sara, sarja, sarjah, sarjakarya, sarjarasa, sarjjaka, sasyasambara, sayasamvera, shala, shankataru, shankurriksha, shasyasambara, shura, sidhaka, sureshtaka, tarkshyaprasava, vallivriksha, vansha, yakshadhup
Tamil	acca, acuvakarnakam, acuvakarnam, attam, attam,calacakam, calorcam, caruvaracam, cavarkkam, cayokam, cinacika, cinika, cinikamaram, comapannimaram, curnaparatam, in , jalari, kalaniriyacam, kantamulam kantapalai, kantavirutcam, kaucikam, kaucikatari , kaucikatarimaram, kopitaramkopitaramaram, kucikam, kukkil, kukkiliyam, kukkulukkil, kungiliam, kungiliyam, kunkiliyam, kunkiliyam, kunkiliyamaram, kunkulikam, kuntirikam, kutiraiccevi , luccippicinmaram, mara niriyacam, nitiyopam, pantitturumam, pantitturumaram, salam, saluvaimaram sai, shalam, talari, taloora, talura, tanavana, tanivirukkam, tanuvirukkam, tanuvirutcam , tenakam, tevakentam, tippirakacimaram, tirkkacalam ulukacamaram, ulukalam, ulukam, venkungiliyam, venkunkiliyam
Telugu	googul, gugal, guggilam, guggilamu, guggilapu, guggulu, himsra, inumaddi, jalari, jalari-chettu, saala, saaluva, sal, sala, saluva, sarjakamu, sarjamu, vegina
Tibetan	pra tsi bog, sa la i sin, sa lai sin, spos (d) kar, sra rtsi pog
Urdu	ral, ral safaid, safed dammar
Common names	sal tree, sāla, shala, sakhua, sarai

Plants Medicinal Value

Medicinal Systems

Ayurved

Unani

Siddha

Tibetan

Folk

Sowa Rigpa

Pharmacological profile

Phytoconstituents

Dammar gum is a triterpenoid resin, containing many triterpenes and their oxidation products. Many of them are low molecular weight compounds (dammarane, dammarenolic acid, oleanane, oleanonic acid, etc.), which easily oxidizes and photoxidizes.

Source: Wikipedia. 2024. "Dammar Gum." Wikimedia Foundation. Last modified June 16, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dammar_gum.

Herb usable parts

Stem

Bark

Fruits

Seeds

Gum

Resin

Ethanomedical Uses

Ethnopharmacology use

Sal tree resin is known as sal dammar or Indian dammar, ṛla in Sanskrit. It is used as an astringent in Ayurvedic medicine, burned as incense in Hindu ceremonies, and used to caulk boats and ships.

Source: Wikipedia. 2024. "Shorea Robusta." Wikimedia Foundation. Last modified April 3, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorea_robusta.

Shorea robusta Gaertn.

Habit -Tree

Parts used -Gum, bark, resin, fruit, stem, seed

Application -Dysentry; diarrhoea; wound; poor digestion; poor sexual desire; gonorrhea; skin disease; rheumatic pains; skin irritation

Treatment -General

References -Dey et al. 2012