Diphenoxylate is an opioid medication used to treat diarrhea. It is sold under the brand names Lomotil and Lonox. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the gut wall, which decreases the frequency of bowel movements and the fluid content of stool. Diphenoxylate is usually taken by mouth, but can also be given intravenously. Common side effects include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.
Diphenoxylate is a medication used to treat diarrhea. However, it's important to note that it's almost always prescribed in combination with another medication called atropine [1, 2]. Here's a breakdown of diphenoxylate's role and why it's combined with atropine:
Function:
- Diphenoxylate belongs to a class of drugs called opioid agonists. It works by slowing down the movement of muscles in the intestines [1]. This reduces the number of bowel movements and allows stool to solidify.
Why it's combined with atropine:
- Diphenoxylate at high doses can be misused or abused for its opioid effects. However, atropine, which has anticholinergic properties, is added in a very small amount to deter misuse [1, 2]. Atropine causes unpleasant side effects like dry mouth, blurred vision, and difficulty urinating if taken in large amounts, making diphenoxylate less attractive for misuse.
Uses:
- Diphenoxylate-atropine combination is used to treat acute diarrhea (sudden onset of diarrhea) in adults [1]. It's not typically used for chronic diarrhea or diarrhea caused by certain infections like C. difficile [2].
Important Considerations:
- Side Effects: Diphenoxylate can cause drowsiness, constipation, nausea, and dizziness [1]. Be cautious if driving or operating machinery.
- Not for Children: Due to the risk of serious side effects, diphenoxylate-atropine is not recommended for children under 2 years old [1].
- Addiction Potential: While the small amount of atropine discourages misuse, diphenoxylate can still be habit-forming at high doses. Use it exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
Overall:
Diphenoxylate-atropine is a medication for treating acute diarrhea in adults. It works by slowing down the intestines and comes with potential side effects. It's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions and not use it for children or for longer than prescribed.