International Numbering System (INS) for Food Additives: 927b
Food additives Europe numbers: E927b
Carbamide (also known as urea) is a colorless, crystalline compound that is soluble in water. It is a major component of urine and is used as a fertilizer and animal feed supplement. It can also be used to make medications to treat certain medical conditions. The 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) is a non-invasive medical test used to diagnose Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the stomach. The test is based on the principle that H. pylori is able to break down the carbon in urea molecules, producing 13CO2 which can be detected in the breath. During the test, the patient ingests a small amount of 13C-urea and then exhales into a breath collection bag at regular intervals over a period of 30-60 minutes. The breath sample is then analyzed for 13CO2 to determine whether or not the patient has an H. pylori infection. The 13C-UBT is a safe, non-invasive, and convenient way to diagnose H. pylori infection and can be used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests.
Urea, also known by its chemical name carbamide, is a fascinating molecule that plays a dual role in the body and has various medical applications. Here's a breakdown of its key aspects:
Natural Function in the Body:
- Waste Excretion: Urea is the primary way the body gets rid of excess nitrogen from protein metabolism. The liver synthesizes urea from ammonia, a toxic byproduct of protein breakdown. Urea is then transported to the kidneys and eliminated through urine.
- Hydration: Urea plays a minor role in skin hydration by attracting and retaining water in the outer layers of the skin.
Medical Uses of Urea:
- Topical Skin Conditions: Urea-containing creams and lotions (often at concentrations of 10-40%) are widely used to treat various dry skin conditions. Urea helps with:
- Hydration: It attracts and retains moisture in the skin, improving overall hydration.
- Exfoliation: Urea can gently break down the bonds between dead skin cells, promoting a smoother texture.
- Keratolytic Effect: In higher concentrations (around 20-40%), urea can help soften and remove thickened dead skin layers in conditions like calluses, corns, and psoriasis.
- Earwax Removal: Carbamide peroxide, a derivative of urea with hydrogen peroxide, is a common ingredient in over-the-counter earwax removal drops. It works by softening and dissolving earwax buildup.
Important Considerations:
- Urea is generally safe for topical use, but some people might experience mild irritation, especially at higher concentrations.
- It's crucial to follow the recommended dosage and application instructions on the product label.
- For severe skin conditions, consult a dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment plan.