Palifermin (Kepivance) is a recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1) that is used to reduce the severity and duration of oral mucositis (OM) associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It is a protein that helps to promote the growth and healing of mucous membranes in the mouth and throat. Palifermin is given as an intravenous (IV) injection three times a day for three days prior to HSCT, and again three days after HSCT. Oral mucositis is a common side effect of HSCT, which can cause severe pain, difficulty swallowing, and malnutrition. Palifermin has been found to reduce the incidence and severity of OM and may improve overall survival in patients undergoing HSCT.
Palifermin, also known by the brand name Kepivance, is a medication used to help prevent a serious complication called oral mucositis (mouth sores) in some patients undergoing chemotherapy [1, 2].
Here's a breakdown of how Palifermin works and who might benefit from it:
How Palifermin Works:
- Palifermin belongs to a class of medications called keratinocyte growth factors.
- Chemotherapy can damage the rapidly dividing cells in the mouth, leading to painful mouth sores and inflammation (mucositis) [1].
- Palifermin helps stimulate the growth and repair of these cells in the mouth lining, potentially reducing the severity and duration of mucositis [2].
Who Benefits from Palifermin?
- Palifermin is not routinely used for all chemotherapy patients. It's typically reserved for those undergoing high-dose chemotherapy regimens known to cause severe mucositis [3].
- This may include patients with certain cancers like acute leukemia or some bone marrow transplants [2].
Benefits of Palifermin:
- By reducing the severity of mucositis, Palifermin can help patients tolerate chemotherapy treatment better and potentially complete planned treatment doses [2].
- This can improve overall treatment outcomes and reduce the need for dose reductions or delays due to mouth sores.
Important Considerations:
- Palifermin is administered as a single injection through a vein (intravenously) before each chemotherapy cycle [1].
- It's not a cure for mucositis but may help lessen its impact.
- Palifermin can cause side effects, including rash, fatigue, and diarrhea [1].
- It's important to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor to see if Palifermin is right for your specific situation.