International Numbering System (INS) for Food Additives: 472e
Food additives Europe numbers: E472e
Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, also known as DATEM (diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono- and diglycerides) or E472e, is a food excipient used primarily in baking applications. Here's a breakdown of its components, functionalities, and safety considerations:
Components:
- Mono- and diglycerides: As described previously, these are emulsifiers derived from fats and oils.
- Tartaric acid: A naturally occurring organic acid found in fruits like grapes.
- Acetic acid: Another organic acid commonly used as vinegar.
Function in Food:
DATEM functions primarily as a dough strengthener. It works by:
- Emulsifying gluten and starches: It helps create a more stable gluten network within dough, leading to improved elasticity and structure.
- Modifying starch behavior: It can influence starch gelatinization during baking, impacting crumb texture and volume.
Applications:
DATEM finds use in various bakery products where dough strength and texture are important:
- Breads: Improves dough handling, elasticity, and loaf volume, particularly in crusty breads like rye bread.
- Cakes and pastries: Can contribute to a finer crumb and improved texture.
- Cookies and crackers: May help achieve a desired crispness and prevent excessive spreading.
Safety:
- Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for its intended uses in food when used within limitations.
- However, some people might have sensitivities to tartaric acid or acetic acid.
Alternatives:
There are alternative dough strengtheners used in baking, such as:
- Salt: Improves gluten strength and fermentation.
- L-cysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid that strengthens dough.
- Vital wheat gluten: Concentrated gluten protein for added strength and elasticity.
Important Considerations:
- While generally safe, DATEM might not be suitable for everyone due to potential sensitivities.
- The amount of DATEM allowed in food is regulated to ensure safety.