Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a type of synthetic plasma volume expander used in medical treatments. It is a starch-based colloid solution made from two components, hydroxyethyl groups and amylopectin, a form of starch. It is commonly used to treat volume-related conditions, such as hypovolemic shock, as well as to expand the volume of blood or plasma. HES is also used to provide volume stabilization to patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is usually administered intravenously, and the duration of its effects depends on the type of HES used. In some cases, HES may cause adverse reactions, such as allergic reactions, kidney damage and coagulation disorders. As a result, it is important to closely monitor patients who receive HES treatments.
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES), also sometimes referred to as hydroxyethyl starch solution or HAES, is a substance used in medicine as a plasma volume expander [1]. This means it helps increase the amount of fluid in circulation within your blood vessels.
Here's a breakdown of what HES does and how it's used:
- Function: HES works by drawing fluid from surrounding tissues into your bloodstream, effectively increasing blood volume. This can be helpful in situations where someone has lost a significant amount of blood or fluids, a condition known as hypovolemia.
- Medical uses: HES is commonly used in critical care settings for fluid resuscitation during:
- Severe blood loss due to trauma, surgery, or other causes
- Burns
- Sepsis (a life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection)
Important considerations regarding HES:
- Controversy: While HES has been a widely used volume expander, recent studies have raised concerns about its safety. Some research suggests an increased risk of kidney problems and even death in critically ill patients who receive HES compared to other fluids [2, 3].
- Current Use: Due to these concerns, the use of HES is being reevaluated and restricted in some countries. Doctors are advised to carefully weigh the risks and benefits before administering HES, and alternative fluids may be preferred in many cases.
Here are some additional points to remember:
- HES is administered intravenously (through an IV).
- There are different types of HES with varying properties.
- HES can interact with certain medications.
It is important to note:
- This information is intended for general knowledge and does not constitute medical advice.
- Always consult a healthcare professional for any questions or concerns you may have about HES or any medical treatment.
References:
- [1] DrugBank Online: Hydroxyethyl Starch: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action: https://go.drugbank.com/categories/DBCAT001021
- [2] Wikipedia: Hydroxyethyl starch: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch
- [3] Medsafe.govt.nz: Hydroxyethyl starch (Voluven and Volulyte 6%) – review of benefits and risks of harm: https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/v/Voluveninf.pdf