Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (also known as cilta-cel) is a type of CAR T-cell therapy for the treatment of relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma. It is a type of immunotherapy that uses a patient's own genetically modified T-cells to fight cancer cells. The T-cells are modified to express a special type of protein called a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which helps them recognize and target cancer cells. Ciltacabtagene autoleucel is administered as an infusion into the patient's bloodstream and helps the patient's immune system fight off the cancer cells. It has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma.
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, also known as Carvykti, is a targeted therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in adults. It falls under the category of immunotherapy, specifically CAR-T cell therapy. Here's a breakdown:
Function:
- Targets and eliminates cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow responsible for multiple myeloma.
Mechanism:
- T-cell extraction: A patient's T cells are extracted through a procedure called leukapheresis.
- Genetic modification: These T cells are engineered in a lab to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on their surface.
- CAR recognition: The CARs are designed to recognize a specific protein (B-cell maturation antigen or BCMA) present on the surface of myeloma cells.
- Cell expansion: The modified T cells are multiplied in the lab to create a large army.
- Reinfusion: The engineered T cells (CAR-T cells) are then infused back into the patient's bloodstream.
- Cancer cell attack: The CAR-T cells identify and destroy the myeloma cells expressing BCMA.